A panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder that causes repeated and unexpected debilitating attacks of fear, which may last anywhere from a few minutes to hours. In order for someone to be diagnosed with a panic disorder, they must exhibit four of the following symptoms within ten minutes after the onset of an attack, and each attack must be followed by at least one month of persistent fear of experiencing another attack:

Chest pain or discomfort;
Dizziness or faintness;
Fear of dying;
Fear of losing control;
Feeling of choking;
Feelings of detachment;
Feelings of unreality;
Nausea or upset stomach;
Numbness or tingling;
Palpitations or pounding heart;
Sensation of shortness of breath;
Sweating, chills, or hot flashes; and
Trembling or shaking.

The exact cause of panic disorders is unknown; however, genetics are thought to play a role and the condition is twice as prevalent in women than it is in men. Symptoms most commonly develop before the age of 25, but sufferers are often not diagnosed until they are older. Left untreated, panic disorders can have serious disruptive effects on the interpersonal relationships of the sufferer, as well as hinder their performance in settings such as work or school.

Once diagnosed, panic disorders are usually treated with a combination of anti-anxiety medications, antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy with a mental health practitioner. While panic disorders are usually persistent and difficult to eradicate all together, many sufferers are able to learn how to manage their condition and avoid triggering stimuli.

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